Q1 Assertion: Experiments are the best research design for determining cause-and-effect relationships.
Reasoning: Experiments involve manipulating one variable to observe its effect on another while holding all other variables constant.
a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning is NOT the correct explanation for the assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
d) The assertion is false, but the reasoning is true.
e) Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Answer: a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
Q2 Assertion: Blind peer review ensures unbiased feedback on research manuscripts.
Reasoning: In blind peer review, the reviewers know the author’s identity, but the author doesn’t know the reviewers’ identities.
a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning is NOT the correct explanation for the assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
d) The assertion is false, but the reasoning is true.
e) Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Answer: b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning is NOT the correct explanation for the assertion.
Q3 Assertion: In stratified sampling, the population is divided into homogenous subgroups.
Reasoning: Stratification aims to increase the study’s precision by ensuring representation from all subgroups.
a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning is NOT the correct explanation for the assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
d) The assertion is false, but the reasoning is true.
e) Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Answer: a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
Q4 Assertion: Ethnographic research provides a detailed insight into people’s views, lives, and social contexts.
Reasoning: Ethnography involves the researcher immersing themselves in the study community, often living with them for an extended period.
a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning is NOT the correct explanation for the assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
d) The assertion is false, but the reasoning is true.
e) Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Answer: a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
Q5 Assertion: The internal validity of an experiment can be compromised by confounding variables.
Reasoning: Confounding variables are external influences that affect the outcome of an experiment but are not the variables being studied.
a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning is NOT the correct explanation for the assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
d) The assertion is false, but the reasoning is true.
e) Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Answer: a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
Q6 Assertion: A cross-sectional study captures data from participants at a single point in time.
Reasoning: Cross-sectional studies are best suited for understanding changes in populations over time.
a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning is NOT the correct explanation for the assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
d) The assertion is false, but the reasoning is true.
e) Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Answer: c) The assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
Q7 Assertion: Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling method.
Reasoning: In purposive sampling, participants are selected based on the purpose of the research and specific characteristics.
a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning is NOT the correct explanation for the assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
d) The assertion is false, but the reasoning is true.
e) Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Answer: a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
Q8 Assertion: The Hawthorne effect refers to a change in a participant’s behavior due to their awareness of being observed.
Reasoning: The Hawthorne effect was discovered during experiments at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago.
a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning is NOT the correct explanation for the assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
d) The assertion is false, but the reasoning is true.
e) Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Answer: a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
Q9 Assertion: Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of research measurements.
Reasoning: A measure can be reliable without being valid, but it cannot be valid without being reliable.
a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning is NOT the correct explanation for the assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
d) The assertion is false, but the reasoning is true.
e) Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Answer: a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
Q10 Assertion: Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that combines the results of multiple studies.
Reasoning: The primary goal of meta-analysis is to increase the sample size and therefore the statistical power.
a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning is NOT the correct explanation for the assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
d) The assertion is false, but the reasoning is true.
e) Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Answer: a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion.
